ABSTRACT
The alterations of serum biological endogenous chemicals in rats with phlegm dampness accumulation syndrome of prehypertension (PHT) were interfered by Banxia Baizhu Tianma decoction (BBT), and the metabolic regulatory pathway of BBT was clarified using serum metabonomics analysis. To replicate the rat model of prehypertension phlegm dampness syndrome, blood pressure, behavioral markers, and serum biochemical markers of rats were collected. BBT's effectiveness in controlling blood pressure and blood lipids was assessed, and changes in endogenous small molecules in rat serum were determined using UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS metabolic analysis. The results showed that BBT could regulate 9 metabolites, including arachidonic acid, cholic acid, glycodeoxycholic acid, N-adenosyltyrosine, arginine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine (20:0/0:00), lysophospholipid (P-18:0), lysophospholipid (18:0), lysophospholipid (22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)). MetaboAnalyst was used to analyze the metabolic pathway. There were 7 metabolic pathways closely related to the change of blood pressure in rats, among which arachidonic acid metabolic pathway was the most critical. The metabolism difference foreign body in the model rats tends to return to the normal level, which provides a research basis for the mechanism of BBT from the perspective of metabonomics. This study was approved by the Experimental Animal Welfare Ethics Review Committee of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (approval number: SDUTCM20211103001).
ABSTRACT
Suanzaoren Tang， as documented in the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber （《金匮要略》），consists of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen， Poria， Anemarrhenae Rhizoma， Chuanxiong Rhizoma， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， and is indicated for dysphoria， consumptive disease， and insomnia. In modern clinical practice，in addition to sleep disorders，Suanzaoren Tang and its modified formulas can also be used to treat anxiety disorders， as well as insomnia，cardiac intervention，myocardial infarction， and other diseases combined with anxiety. It is also used in combination with other Chinese medicinal formulas （such as Zhizichi Tang，Ganmai Dazaotang，Baihe Zhimu Dihuangtang，and Jinlingzi San），western medicines （such as paroxetine，zopiclone，enalapril，amlodipine，metformin，and sertraline hydrochloride）， acupuncture， and acupoint application to treat anxiety， as well as cardiovascular neurosis，cancer，hypertension，type 2 diabetes， and other diseases combined with anxiety. As revealed by clinical treatment results， Suanzaoren Tang and its modified formulas can significantly reduce anxiety scores such as Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale（HAMA） and Self-rating Anxiety Scale（SAS），and improve anxiety symptoms with significant efficacy and few side effects. As reported by experimental pharmacological studies， Suanzaoren Tang can regulate the content of neurotransmitters such as dopamine（DA），homovanillic acid（HVA），γ-aminobutyric acid（GABA），noradrenaline （NE），5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid （5-HIAA），glutamic acid（Glu），β-endorphin（β-EP），5-hydroxytryptamine（5-HT）， and nitric oxide （NO）in the brain， and mediate immune function by reducing the levels of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β（IL-1β）and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α），enhancing the proliferation of B lymphocytes，phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages， and down-regulating the proliferation of T lymphocytes. Besides， it can also regulate the endocrine level to allow the homeostasis of nervous system， endocrine system， and immune system by increasing adrenocorticotropic hormone（ACTH）and corticosterone（CORT）levels and up-regulating glucocorticoid receptor（GR）expression， finally achieving the effect of anxiety prevention and treatment. The present study systematically reviewed the clinical and basic research progress on the prevention and treatment of anxiety with Suanzaoren Tang to provide references for the research on the mechanism and material basis of Suanzaoren Tang and the development of new drugs for anxiety.
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The Chinese herbal medicines contained in Guipitang （GPT） were retrieved in the databases， including traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform （TCMSP）， encyclopedia of traditional Chinese medicine （ETCM）， bioinformatics analysis tool for molecular mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine （BATMAN-TCM）， and database for associated traditional Chinese medicine， gene， and disease information using text mining （TCMGeneDIT）， and the compounds and their potential targets were obtained. Disease enrichment analysis on the potential targets of GPT was carried out to obtain the diseases potentially treated by GPT using MetaCore. Disease enrichment results showed that the potential diseases treated by GPT included encephalopathy， gastrointestinal diseases， nutritional/metabolic diseases， tumors/cancers， cardiovascular system diseases， endocrine system diseases， immune system diseases， drug-related side effects/adverse reactions， and congenital/hereditary diseases. On these grounds， the diseases treated by GPT were reviewed. The results of the previous research on diseases treated by GPT were consistent with analysis results of network pharmacology. The modern applications of GPT clinically went beyond its original indications， but its applications were based on the clinical manifestation of qi and blood deficiency in the heart and spleen， presenting the characteristic of "same treatment for different diseases". This study is expected to provide a reference for the further research and development of GPT.
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Circadian rhythm is an internal regulatory mechanism that allows organisms to adapt to circadian changes in the external environment, and can regulate the body's steady state by affecting the metabolic pathways of multiple organs. When exogenous factors such as eating time, worktime changes, and sleep disturbances cause the body's circadian rhythm to be disrupted, the risk of developing metabolic syndrome is significantly increased. This article explores the relationship between circadian rhythm and body metabolism and summarizes the molecular mechanisms by which circadian rhythm regulates the digestive system, liver and bile acid production, and kidney function. We review research progress on intervention in the circadian rhythm by traditional Chinese medicine and provide a reasonable and valuable basis for follow-up studies on the role of traditional Chinese medicine in research on the molecular mechanisms of regulation of circadian rhythm.
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In this paper, the lipidomics was used to analyze the changes to address how Uncaria interrupts lipid metabolism in the liver of spontaneously hypertensive rats, and to explore the mechanism of action of Uncaria. All the experiments were approved by the animal protection and use committee of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. UHPLC-Q Extractive orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry was used to collect lipid metabolite information of the rat livers. Through pattern recognition, matters with noticeable differences were recognized. Mass spectrum and data base searching helped to identify the potential biomarkers. Pattern recognition results indicated that the rats from control versus SHR group showed clear differences. Compared with the rats from the control group, there are decreases in sphosphatidylcholine, phosphatidic acid, diacylglycerol and sphingomyelin in rats from the SHR group, however lysophosphatidylcholine, triglyceride, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid and ceramide are increased. Uncaria could regulate the disorder of lipid metabolism by interfering with glycerophospholipid, sphingolipid, linoleic acid, and arachidonic acid metabolic pathways. This study provided the mechanistic understanding of the impact of Uncaria on lipid metabolism and revealed the lipid metabolism pathways affected to offer the explanation for the complex mechanism of action.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the anesthetic effect and safety of different doses of dexmedetomidine combined with ropivacaine for brachial plexus nerve block in children undergoing polydactyly surgery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty children undergoing polydactyly surgery were randomized into 4 groups to receive brachial plexus nerve block with dexmedetomidine at 0.25, 0.50 or 0.75 µg/kg combined with 0.25% ropivacaine (0.20 mL/kg) (D1, D2, and D3 groups, respectively) or with 0.25% ropivacaine (0.20 mL/kg) only (control group). The onset time, duration of brachial plexus nerve block, awakening time, success rate, and incidence of complications were compared among the groups. Results In D2 and D3 groups, the onset time and awakening time were shorter and anesthesia lasted longer than those in the control group. The onset time and awakening time were shorter and anesthesia maintenance time was longer in D3 group than in D1 group. The success rates of brachial plexus nerve block were significantly higher in D1-3 groups than in the control group (P<0.05). Hematoma was found in one of the patients. In each of the 4 groups, laryngeal nerve block occurred in 1 child and respiratory depression in another; 2 or 3 patients had Horner syndrome, and 1 patient in D3 group experienced an episode of lowered heart beat to below 70 min. All the complications were managed properly and the patients all recovered uneventfully.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Brachial plexus nerve block with 0.5 µg/kg dexmedetomidine combined with 0.25% ropivacaine (0.20 mL/kg) is safe for effective anesthesia in children undergoing surgery for polydactyly.</p>
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of rhynchophylline, isorhynchophylline, and rhynchophylla alkaloids on the vascular adventitial fibroblasts (VAF) apoptosis and proliferation in thoracic aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and on the Bcl-2, Bax, c-Fos, c-Myc, laminin (LN), and fibronectin (FN).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty 8-week old male SHR were randomly divided into five groups, i. e., the model group, the captopril group (17.5 mg/kg), the isorhynchophylline group (5.0 mg/kg), the rhynchophylline group (5.0 mg/kg), and the rhynchophylla alkaloids group (50.0 mg/kg), 8 in each group. In addition, eight 8-week old male Wistar rats were selected as the normal group. Equal volume of normal saline was given to rats in the normal group and the model group by gastrogavage. Rats in the rest groups were perfused with isovolumic medication solution (10 mL/kg), six days per week for eight successive weeks. The dosage of drugs was adjusted according to the change of body weight. The VAF apoptosis rate of the thoracic aorta was measured by Annexin V-FITC combined with PI dyeing and flow cytometry. The protein expressions of thoracic aortic Bcl-2, Bax, c-Myc, c-Fos, FN, and LN were detected by immunohistochemical assay. The adventitial transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) mRNA expression in the thoracic aorta was detected by in situ hybridization method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the model group, the tail arterial systolic pressure decreased, the VAF apoptosis and the protein expression of Bax increased, Bcl-2, c-Fos, FN, LN, and TGF-beta1 mRNA all decreased in the thoracic aorta of SHR in each treatment group after 4-and 8-week of intervention. Rhynchophylline, isorhynchophylline, and rhynchophylla alkaloids could inhibit the protein expression of c-Myc with statistical difference (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the captopril group, there was no statistical difference in decreasing the tail arterial systolic pressure, the protein expression of c-Fos and the mRNA expression of TGF-beta1 among the rhynchophylline group, the isorhynchophylline group, and the rhynchophylla alkaloids group (P>0.05). There was statistical difference in increased VAF apoptosis and decreased protein expressions of Bcl-2, c-Myc, and LN (P<0.05, P<0.01). There was statistical difference in increased protein expression of Bax between the rhynchophylline group and the isorhynchophylline group (P<0.05, P<0.01). There was statistical difference in decreased protein expression of FN in the isorhynchophylline group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference among the rhynchophylline group, the isorhynchophylline group, or the rhynchophylla alkaloids group (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Rhynchophylline, isorhynchophylline, and rhynchophylla alkaloids might promote the VAF apoptosis in the thoracic aorta of SHR by regulating the protein expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax. They might inhibit the VAF proliferation by restraining protein expressions of c-Fos, c-Myc, and TGF-beta1 mRNA. They also might improve the thoracic aorta wall reconstruction and decrease the tail arterial systolic pressure by down-regulating the protein expressions of FN and LN, and attenuating the deposition of extracellular matrix.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Aorta, Thoracic , Cell Biology , Apoptosis , Fibroblasts , Cell Biology , Metabolism , Fibronectins , Metabolism , Indole Alkaloids , Pharmacology , Laminin , Metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 , Metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos , Metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc , Metabolism , Rats, Inbred SHR , Transforming Growth Factor beta1 , Metabolism , bcl-2-Associated X Protein , MetabolismABSTRACT
To remedy the limitations of traditional numerical classification softwares,a new application,X-Cluster,was developed by using various design patterns.X-Cluster had powerful functions to support the researching of numerical classification,and testified by some classify studying about Bacillus spp..
ABSTRACT
Twenty-nine antagonistic bacillus strains, isolated from some Chinese traditional medicine and fermented food , inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Vasinfectum and Verticillium dahliae Kleb. And twelve of them are able to produce antagonistic proteins. Among the twelve strains, five (H110, H184, H216, B316 and B382) showed higher antibacterial activity. Furthermore, H110 and H184 were identified as Bacillus subtilis, and H216, B316 and B382 as Bacillus licheniformis based on physiological and biochemistry experiments. The antagonistic proteins of five strains were all thermostable, resistant to proteinase K and trypsin, while H184 and H216 partially sensitive to pepsin.